Explanation

The nominative case marks the subject of a sentence — the person or thing performing the action. It is the base form of nouns and the form used in dictionaries.

Rules

Nominative articles:

GenderDefinite (the)Indefinite (a)
Masculinederein
Femininedieeine
Neuterdasein
Pluraldie

Use the nominative for:

  1. The subject of a verb: Der Hund bellt. (The dog barks.)
  2. After sein (to be): Er ist ein Lehrer. (He is a teacher.)

Examples

  • Der Mann liest ein Buch. — The man reads a book.
  • Eine Frau wartet hier. — A woman is waiting here.
  • Das Kind schläft. — The child is sleeping.
  • Wer ist der Mann? — Who is the man?
  • der HundDer Hund bellt. (The dog barks.)
  • EssenIch esse. (subject: ich, nominative pronoun)

Exceptions

Proper nouns and pronouns don’t change form in nominative (they’re already in base form).

Notes

This is the simplest case — no article changes from dictionary form. Compare with Accusative Case (direct object) and Dative Case (indirect object).

Resources